How is the rectum/anus complex irrigated?
The arterial irrigation of the rectum anus complex has 4 pedicles:
Clinical Background
Superior Rectal
Middle Rectal
Inferior Rectal
Median Sacral
Technique Description
It is important to remember that not all branches are constant
The venous drainage of the rectum anus is composed of 3 plexuses.
Internal venous plexus
Perimuscular venous plexus
External venous plexus
There is communication between the different venous plexuses.
It is important to remember that the first plexus drains into the portal system and the last two into the inferior vena cava system.
The rectum/anus complex is innervated by fibers originating in the superior and inferior hypogastric plexus, all of them arriving at the Lee Frankenhausen ganglia, which give off multiple branches. One of them is the rectal branch.
The innervation of the rectum anus consists of 2 components:
The Sympathetic component is responsible for inhibiting rectal peristalsis and stimulates the internal anal sphincter.
The Parasympathetic component is responsible for stimulating the rectal peristalsis (defecation) and inhibits the internal anal sphincter.
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