Overview of the Approach to Fecal Incontinence

Fecal incontinence (FI) is defined as the involuntary leakage of bowel content through the anus, either flatus, liquid, or solid stool. It can range from an occasional unintentional loss to frequent complete evacuation. It has a particularly important impact on the quality of life of the patient and it can result in embarrassment, loss of self-esteem and social isolation. The incidence and prevalence of FI is difficult to assess given the differences in clinical setting, in the definition of FI, and the suspected under-report. In general, FI may affect patients of all ages, but is more common in middle aged Women, older adults and nursing homes residents. Reports say the prevalence in general population may reach 7%, increasing with age to percentages as high as 20%. FI is also estimated to result in high healthcare costs, not only with diagnostic tests and treatments, but also with expenses in pads, skin and nursing care. In this OC we will review the main steps of the approach to patients with FI.